BI 152 - Anatomy and Physiology II

1. define an endocrine gland and list the endocrine glands of the body;
2. classify hormones as amino acid based or steroids;
3. define the term hormone and explain the mechanism of hormonal action;
4. locate the major endocrine glands in the body, state their hormones and give the action of each hormone; and
5. identify the disorders associated with hypersecretions and hyposecretions of hormones.
6. state the functions, characteristics and components of blood;
7. describe the process of hematopoiesis;
8. state the steps and major factors involved with the clotting process; and
9. describe blood typing and blood disorders.locate major structures of the heart and trace pathway of blood through the heart;
10. describe the characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue;
11. explain the phases of the cardiac cycle in terms of pressure changes in the chambers;
12. describe the electrical conduction system of the heart;
13. describe the regulation of heart rate;
14. identify major disorders by description; and
15. state the major structural and functional characteristics of arteries, veins and capillaries.
16. state the formula for cardiac output and calculate cardiac outputs from data supplied;
17. state the formula for blood pressure and identify the factors affecting and controlling blood pressure;
18. list the methods by which venous blood is returned to the heart;
19. differentiate between pulmonary and systemic circulation;
20. locate and identify major blood vessels of the cardiovascular system; and
21. describe fetal circulation and the changes required after birth.
22. identify the major vessels and nodes of the lymphatic system;
23. trace the lymph flow from the capillary bed to its entry into the cardiovascular system; and
24. identify the other major organs of the lymphatic system, their structure, location and function.
25. identify the major structures of the respiratory system;
26. describe the mechanism of breathing and gas exchange;
27. identify lung volumes and their capacities;
28. describe the transport of gases in the blood; and
29. identify major disorders by description.
30. describe the histology of the alimentary tube;
31. describe the structures of the digestive tract and trace the route taken, by food down this tract;
32. describe the location and function of the accessory organs of digestion; and
33. state the major sites of digestion, and enzyme activity in the hydrolysis of foods.
34. locate and identify the major structures of the urinary system;
35. identify the internal and external structures of the kidney;
36. identify the microscopic anatomy of the nephron;
37. trace a drop of blood from the renal artery to the renal vein;
38. describe the process of filtration, reabsorption and secretion;
39. state the factors controlling urine output and identify normal components of urine; and
40. identify major disorders by description.
41. describe the fluid compartments of the body;
42. identify adjustments to fluid balance;
43. identify the factors affecting acid-base balance; and
44. describe the effect of buffers, respiratory and renal influences in correcting acid-base balance.
45. identify the major male and female reproductive structures;
46. define and describe gametogenesis., fertilization, and implantation;
47. describe the action of male and female hormones; and
48. identify major disorders by description.