BI 140 - Human Reproduction

Fulfills SUNY General Education – Natural Sciences.

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:

• general concepts in reproductive biology: Describe the structures and functions of a generalized cell, the processes of mitosis and meiosis, and the importance of hormones;
• structures and functions of reproductive systems: Describe the structures and functions of the reproductive system of the human male and female;
• fertilization and intrauterine development: Explain the processes of fertilization, implantation and embryonic and fetal growth and development;
• pregnancy, childbirth nad neonatal changes: Describe the changes in maternal anatomy and physiology during pregnancy, the stages of labor and delivery including childbirth techniques, and medical interventions. Discuss intrauterine diagnostic procedures, the physiological changes occurring to the neonate, and infertility causes and treatments;
• teratogens and their effects: Discuss various teratogens and their effects on a developing embryo/fetus;
• contraception and sexually transmitted diseases: Detail the various contraceptive methods available and the relative effectiveness of each method, as well as characterize the major sexually transmitted diseases including their causative agents, transmission, symptomology, and treatments; and
• classical genetics, molecular genetics and genetic aberrations: Discuss the fundamental concepts of both classical and molecular genetics and describe the major genetic aberrations, their patterns of transmission, and causes, if known.

BI 147 - Survey Anatomy and Physiology

Fulfills SUNY General Education – Natural Sciences.

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:

ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY

• define anatomy and physiology;
• explain what is meant by levels of organization;
• apply anatomical terminology to describe body regions, planes, body cavities and directional terms; and
• define homeostasis and explain its importance to survive.

BIOCHEMISTRY

• describe the basic atomic structure;
• define pH and describe the pH scale and the significance of this to the body; and
• describe and give the function of the following organic compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

CELL

• state the major cell organelles and the function of each; and
• detail transport mechanisms across cell membranes.

HISTOLOGY AND INTEGUMENTARY

• describe the structure, location, and function of the major tissue types; and
• detail the structure and function of the skin.

OSSEOUS TISSUE AND SKELETAL SYSTEM

• detail the histology of bone tissue;
• explain bone formation and growth;
• identify selected bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton; and
• describe articulations both structurally and functionally.

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

• describe the major characteristics of the three types of muscle;
• detail the histology of skeletal muscle;
• explain the physiology of muscle contraction; and
• identify various muscles and give their actions.

NERVOUS SYSTEM

• describe the structure and function of the neuron and the neuroglia cells; and
• become familiar with the structures in the central nervous system.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• identify the endocrine glands and selected hormones.

BLOOD

• describe RBCs, WBCs, platelets and plasma;
• explain blood types and Rh compatibility; and
• discuss blood disorders; anemia, leukemia, sickle cell anemia.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

• describe the major structures and function of the heart;
• describe the structure and function of arteries, veins, and capillaries; and
• briefly describe some disorders of the cardiovascular system.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• discuss the major structures in the respiratory system; and
• locate the major structures and discuss their function.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• locate and describe major digestive organs;
• discuss the functions of the digestive organs; and
• briefly describe selected disorders of the digestive system.

URINARY SYSTEM

• locate the urinary tract organs; and
• describe the nephron and discuss its function.

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• locate and describe major organs of the male and female reproductive system; and
• state the function of each reproductive organ.

BI 148 - Laboratory for BI 147

Fulfills SUNY General Education – Natural Sciences.

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:

BODY ORGANIZATION

• relate parts of the body by use of the proper directional term;
• identify body sections, body planes and body cavities;
• identify the parts of the body by their regional terms; and
• locate selected organs of each major system on models and describe the system to which they belong.

MICROSCOPE AND CELLS

• demonstrate the proper care in handling the microscope;
• locate and describe the function of each part of the compound microscope;
• observe and identify selected cells; and
• observe and identify the ultrastructure of cells on models.

HISTOLOGY

• recognize and identify the various types of tissues from microscopic slides;
• locate each type of tissue and relate structure to function; and
• apply knowledge of tissue to construct an organ - the skin.

SKELETAL SYSTEM

• locate and identify the 206 bones of the body on both the articulated and disarticulated skeletons;
• locate and identify selected bone markings; and
• recognize the various types of joints found in the body and the movements at each joint.

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

• locate and identify on models the major muscles of the body; and
• determine the action of each muscle.

NERVOUS SYSTEM

• locate and identify the major parts of the spinal cord on models and diagrams;
• locate and identify the major parts of the brain on models. Dissect a sheep’s brain and compare it to the anatomy of the human brain;
• locate and identify the anatomical structure of the eye on models.  Dissect a sheep’s eye and compare sheep and human anatomy; and
• locate and identify the anatomical structures of the ear on models.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• locate and identify the major endocrine glands on models; and
• describe the source and action of selected hormones.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

• distinguish between a red blood cell, a platelet and the 5 types of white blood cells;
• type a blood sample and explain the process of agglutination;
• identify similarities and differences between an artery and vein seen under a microscope;
• locate and identify major blood vessels on models; and
• locate and identify major structures of the human heart on models. Dissect a sheep heart and compare the anatomy to the human heart.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• locate and identify the organs of the digestive systems on models;
• review the organic macro molecules; and
• perform experiments to simulate the process of digestion.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• locate and identify the organs of the respiratory system on models; and
• perform experiments to demonstrate the process of respiration.

URINARY SYSTEM

• locate and identify the organs of the urinary system on models;
• locate and identify the major components of the nephron on models; and
• observe the results of a urinalysis in terms of normal and abnormal components.

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• locate and identify the major structures of the male and female reproductive systems on models.

 

Corequisites: BI 147
F/S (C, N, S)

BI 150 - Anatomy and Physiology I

Fulfills SUNY General Education – Natural Sciences.

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:

BODY ORGANIZATION AND HOMEOSTASIS

• define anatomy and physiology;
• explain what is meant by levels of organization;
• apply anatomical terminology to describe body regions, planes, body cavities and directional terms; and
• define homeostasis and explain its importance to survive.

CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

• explain the relationship between elements and atoms;
• become familiar with basic chemistry;
• detail organic and inorganic molecules;
• explain differences between saturated and unsaturated fats; and
• discuss enzymes and their heat, pH and substrate specificity.

CELL

• state the location, structure and function of each of the major organelles of the cell;
• describe the composition of plasma membrane and explain the “Fluid Mosaic Model”;
• identify transport mechanisms across cell membranes;
• discuss isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic solutions; and
• state the function of genes. Explain the term “genetic code”.

TISSUES

• discuss the structure and function of epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue;
• differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands; and
• classify multicellular exocrine glands by comparing structure and function.

INTEGUMENT

• describe the functions of skin;
• define epidermis, dermis and hypodermis, listing the major layers of each and describe the function of each layer; and
• discuss structures associated with epidermis, dermis and hypodermis.

OSSEOUS TISSUE AND SKELETAL SYSTEM

• state the functions of bones;
• label and study gross anatomy of a long bone;
• describe the histology of Haversian system;
• discuss the chemical composition of bone. What are the purposes of organic and inorganic bone components; and
• detail bone remodeling and maintenance of bone.

ARTICULATIONS

• structurally and functionally classify joints;
• label and define the parts of a synovial joint; and
• define and give the common types of movement allowed by joints.

MUSCLE TISSUE AND MUSCULAR SYSTEM

• compare and contrast the three types of muscle;
• describe connective tissue coverings of skeletal muscle;
• describe histology of a skeletal muscle fiber;
• explain sliding filament theory; and
• discuss how muscle cells are stimulated to contract by the nervous system.

NERVOUS TISSUE

• state the functions of the nervous system;
• explain the structural and functional divisions of the nervous system;
• classify neurons structurally and functionally;
• define resting membrane potential and describe its electrochemical basis; and
• describe the importance of the myelin sheath and describe how it is formed in the CNS and PNS.

SPINAL CORD, SPINAL NERVES AND SPINAL REFLEXES

• identify and describe functions of the spinal cord;
• describe structure and function of ascending and descending tracts; and
• discuss reflexes and describe the components of a reflex arc.

BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVE

• discuss the major  regions of the brain and give their functions;
• name 12 pairs of cranial nerves and give their function; and
• describe how the meninges, CSF, and blood-brain barrier protect the CNS. Describe the functional areas of the cerebral cortex.

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

• compare and contrast the two divisions of ANS;
• describe the effects of cholinergic and adrenergic drugs; and
• differentiate the effects of SNS and PNS stimulation on selected organs.

EYE AND EAR

• identify major structures of the eye and ear and give locations; and
• describe normal physiology of vision and hearing.

 

Corequisites: EN 100; BI 147 is recommended for students lacking a science background.
Concurrent Registration: BI 151
S (C, N, S)

BI 151 - Laboratory for BI 150

Fulfills SUNY General Education – Natural Sciences.

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:

THE MICROSCOPE

• demonstrate the proper care in handling the microscope; and
• locate and describe the function of each part of the compound microscope.

BODY ORGANIZATION

• relate parts of the body by use of the proper directional term;
• identify body sections, body planes, body cavities, abdominal pelvic regions;
• identify the parts of the body by their regional terms; and
• locate selected organs of each major system on the models and indicate the system they belong to.

CHEMICAL LEVEL

• demonstrate an understanding of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions; and
• construct models of important biological molecules.

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

• perform experiments that demonstrate transport of materials across membranes;
• make observations, collect and graph data, and explain the results of experiments on transport across membranes;
• simulate various methods of transport across membranes; and
• observe and identify the ultrastructure of cells.

HISTOLOGY

• recognize and identify the various types of tissues from microscopic and photographic slides;
• locate each type of tissue and relate structure to function; and
• apply knowledge of tissue to construct an organ - the skin.

SKELETAL SYSTEM

• locate and identify the 206 bones of the body on both the articulated and disarticulated skeletons;
• locate and identify major bone markings with a representation of each type; and
• recognize the various types of joints found in the body and the movements at each joint.

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

• locate and identify on models the major muscles of the body including representatives of each body movement; and
• determine the action of each muscle.

NERVOUS SYSTEM

• locate and identify the major parts of the spinal cord and the spinal nerves;
• locate and identify the major parts of the brain; dissect a sheep’s brain and compare it to the anatomy of the human brain;
• locate and identify the anatomical structures of the eye on models; dissect a sheep’s eye and compare sheep and human anatomy; and
• locate and identify the anatomical structures of the ear.

BI 152 - Anatomy and Physiology II

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• define an endocrine gland and list the endocrine glands of the body;
• classify hormones as amino acid based or steroids;
• define the term hormone and explain the mechanism of hormonal action;
• locate the major endocrine glands in the body, state their hormones and give the action of each hormone; and
• identify the disorders associated with hypersecretions and hyposecretions of hormones.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Blood

• state the functions, characteristics and components of blood;
• describe the process of hematopoiesis;
• state the steps and major factors involved with the clotting process; and
• describe blood typing and blood disorders.

Heart and Blood Vessels

• locate major structures of the heart and trace pathway of blood through the heart;
• describe the characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue;
• explain the phases of the cardiac cycle in terms of pressure changes in the chambers;
• describe the electrical conduction system of the heart;
• describe the regulation of heart rate;
• identify major disorders by description; and
• state the major structural and functional characteristics of arteries, veins and capillaries.

Cardiovascular Physiology and Circulatory Routes

• state the formula for cardiac output and calculate cardiac outputs from data supplied;
• state the formula for blood pressure and identify the factors affecting and controlling blood pressure;
• list the methods by which venous blood is returned to the heart;
• differentiate between pulmonary and systemic circulation;
• locate and identify major blood vessels of the cardiovascular system; and
• describe fetal circulation and the changes required after birth.

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

• identify the major vessels and nodes of the lymphatic system;
• trace the lymph flow from the capillary bed to its entry into the cardiovascular system; and
• identify the other major organs of the lymphatic system, their structure, location and function.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• identify the major structures of the respiratory system;
• describe the mechanism of breathing and gas exchange;
• identify lung volumes and their capacities;
• describe the transport of gases in the blood; and
• identify major disorders by description.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• describe the histology of the alimentary tube;
• describe the structures of the digestive tract and trace the route taken, by food down this tract;
• describe the location and function of the accessory organs of digestion; and
• state the major sites of digestion, and enzyme activity in the hydrolysis of foods.

URINARY SYSTEM

• locate and identify the major structures of the urinary system;
• identify the internal and external structures of the kidney;
• identify the microscopic anatomy of the nephron;
• trace a drop of blood from the renal artery to the renal vein;
• describe the process of filtration, reabsorption and secretion;
• state the factors controlling urine output and identify normal components of urine; and
• identify major disorders by description.

FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE

• describe the fluid compartments of the body;
• identify adjustments to fluid balance;
• identify the factors affecting acid-base balance; and
• describe the effect of buffers, respiratory and renal influences in correcting acid-base balance.

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• identify the major male and female reproductive structures;
• define and describe gametogenesis., fertilization, and implantation;
• describe the action of male and female hormones; and
• identify major disorders by description.

BI 153 - Laboratory for BI 152

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• locate and identify on various models the major endocrine glands and state the hormones secreted by each gland and their function;
• locate and identify major endocrine glands on a mammalian dissection;
• identify endocrine disorders from photographs and descriptions; and
• identify endocrine glands from microscope slides.

HEMATOLOGY

• distinguish between a red blood cell, a platelet and the five types of white blood cells;
• perform a differential count, a hemoglobin determination and a hematocrit and be able to determine normal from abnormal values; and
• type a blood sample and explain the process of agglutination.

THE HEART

• locate and identify major structures of the human heart on models;
• dissect a sheep’s heart, locate and identify major structures and compare to the anatomy of the human heart;
• listen to heart sounds using a stethoscope; and
• identify the components of an ECG tracing and recognize apparent abnormalities.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

• locate and identify major blood vessels on the various human models;
• locate through dissection major arteries and veins;
• identify similarities and differences between an artery and a vein seen under the microscope; and
• identify major components of the lymphatic system.

CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY

• identify various pulse points on the body;
• measure blood pressure by palpatory and auscultatory methods;
• calculate mean blood pressure and examine the various factors that affect blood pressure;
• perform a cardiovascular experiment, collect data and interpret results; and
• utilize the Schneider Fitness Test and calculate ones score.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• state the major lung volumes and their capacities;
• estimate vital capacity and determine actual vital capacities using a wet and a dry spirometer;
• perform various respiratory experiments and explain the results;
• locate and identify major respiratory structures; and
• identify various respiratory structures seen under the microscope.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• perform digestion experiments, collect data and explain the results;
• locate and identify major digestive structures; and
• identify the layers of the GI tract seen under the microscope.

URINARY SYSTEM AND ACID-BASE BALANCE

• locate and identify major structures of the urinary system;
• locate and identify the major external and internal structures of the kidney;
• locate and identify the major components of the nephron on models;
• perform a urinalysis and determine normal from abnormal values; and
• perform and explain the results of acid-base and buffer experiments.

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• locate and identify major structures of the reproductive system; and
• identify states of development in human gestational models.

 

Prerequisites: BI 151
Concurrent Registration: BI 152
F/S (C, N, S)

BI 156 - Anatomical Kinesiology

• anatomical terminology: Define anatomical position and be knowledgeable of anatomical terminology to describe external features of the body including directional terms/anatomical planes;
• skeletal system: Identify the components and functions of the skeletal system, describing types and structure of bones and bone markings including components of the axial and appendicular skeleton;
• articulations: Define an articulation. Classify joints according to both their structure and their function, and describe common body movements. Discuss bursae, tendon sheaths, and joint disorders;
• muscular system: List the characteristics and functions of skeletal muscle on both the microscopic and macroscopic levels including the identification of the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of various skeletal muscles as well as their naming criteria; and
• joint and muscle movements of the body: Explain the location, characteristics (components), and function (movements) of the major joints in the body (i.e. shoulder, elbow, wrist, spine, hip, knee, and ankle) and describe the muscles and potential athletic injuries that are involved in each.

BI 169 - Nutrition

Fulfills SUNY General Education – Natural Sciences.

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:

• introductory concepts: Define nutrients and explain how to utilize various tables, such as RDA, AI and VL;
• energy nutrients: Describe lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, and analyze personal records of dietary intake;
• non-energy nutrients: Describe fat soluble, vitamins, water soluble vitamins, minerals and discuss the issues involving supplementation;
• energy balance: Recognize variations in body composition including underweight, overweight, and obesity. Discuss the cause of eating disorders;
• applications: Discuss physical fitness in relation to nutrition and exercise. Interpret the information included on Nutrition Information Panels; and
• other: Utilize available microcomputer hardware and software to collect data for projects.

BI 170 - Laboratory for BI 169

Fulfills SUNY General Education – Natural Sciences.

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:

Scientific Method

• explain the importance and steps used in the scientific method;
• apply the process of the scientific method to scientific investigations and everyday decisions; and
• using Library resources, examine published scientific documents for the steps and methods applied by established researchers.

Biology

• identify various cell structures in both plant and animal cells;
• know the importance and function of these structures;
• recognize the importance of plant and animal tissues as they relate to nutrition;
• identify the major food groups that comprise the Food Pyramid. Cite examples for each group; and
• identify resources for assessing and monitoring dietary intake.

Chemistry

• identify the major dietary nutrients: proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates;
• define and illustrate the chemical composition of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates; and
• using dietary software, the student will document and record their dietary intake and assess nutrient/caloric values.

Microbiology

• identify prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and viruses;
• identify common microorganisms that contaminant our food sources and their effect on the human body;
• understand the role of these organisms in the processing, packaging, distribution, and storage of food sources; and
• recognize the role of organizations that monitor food-borne illnesses.

BI 178 - Basic Human Physiology

GENERAL PLAN OF THE HUMAN BODY

• define anatomy and physiology and explain their interrelationship;
• compare the levels of organization of the human body;
• identify the various tissue types in terms of structure, function and location; and
• describe homeostasis and explain its significance.

CHEMICAL LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION

• state the main elements composing the human body;
• define metabolism; describe anabolic and catabolic reactions;
• describe the function of the major inorganic molecules and the significance of pH in the body;
• define and apply the terms “hydrolysis” and “dehydration synthesis”;
• identify the four major classes of organic molecules; describe the molecular structure and the function of each; and
• relate each of the classes of organic molecules to their food sources.

CELLULAR AND TISSUE LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

• define the cell as the basic unit of life;
• define the structure of the cell membrane; list its functions;
• describe the process by which substances pass through the cell membrane;
• compare and contrast isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic solutions; and
• identify and describe important organelles.

THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

• describe lymph and lymphatic vessels;
• describe the method and direction of lymph flow;
• describe the structure of a lymph node; explain its physiology;
• state the body’s general defenses against disease;
• explain the immune response; differentiate between the types of immunity; and
• explain blood typing, transplant rejection and allergies.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

• describe the characteristics of blood;
• state the functions of blood;
• identify and give the function of each of the components of plasma.Describe red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets;
• describe the steps and the various problems involved in blood clotting;
• describe the external and internal anatomy of the heart;
• trace the flow of blood through the heart and through the body circuits;
• describe the conduction system and the outcome of irregularities in this system;
• identify and locate the heart valves; describe irregularities in blood flow due to faulty valves;
• describe the types of blood vessels, including function and blood pressure;
• state factors affecting blood pressure and cardiac output;
• explain several vessel disorders, such as aneurysm and hypertension; and
• discuss the effects of diet on the cardiovascular system.

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AND METABOLISM

• describe the organs of the gastrointestinal tract; describe the accessory organs;
• describe the wall of the gastrointestinal tract; describe variations in the wall in each specific organ;
• differentiate between mechanical and chemical digestion;
• describe the action of an enzyme; describe each enzyme involved in digestion;
• describe bile and describe its role in digestion;
• identify the end products of digestion and explain how each is absorbed;
• define nutrient; list the types of nutrients and explain the function of each;
• explain the processes of glucose catabolism and glucose anabolism;
• explain the metabolic pathways involved in lipid catabolism; in lipid anabolism;
• explain the metabolic pathways involved in the utilization of amino acids for energy;
• differentiate between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins; describe the function of each; and
• explain the significance of several minerals in maintaining homeostasis.

THE URINARY SYSTEM AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE

• identify and locate the organs composing the urinary system;
• describe the anatomy of a nephron;
• explain the processes of filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion;
• state normal constituents of urine;
• state abnormal components of urine, and explain the clinical significance of each; and
• describe the role of the kidney in water, pH, and electrolyte balance.

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• identify and locate each of the organs composing the endocrine system;
• differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands;
• state the hormones produced by each gland; explain the physiological significance of each; and
• describe hormone regulation.

BI 180 - Radiation Biology

• review of cell biology: Identify important functions of organic and inorganic cell constituents, and of various cell structures and organelles; including explanation of cell division;
• types of ionizing radiations: Distinguish between ionizing and non-ionizing radiations, and identify sources of electromagnetic and particulate ionizing radiations;
• specification of radiation quantities: Identify and distinguish between the physical and biologic units of radiation dose;
• molecular effects of radiation: Identify radiation induced chemical reactions resulting in the production of free radicals, and describe how free radical production causes biologic damage;
• deposition of radient energy: Define and describe the interrelationship of LET and RBE including factors that influence RBE, as well as the interrelationship between the Oxygen Enhancement Ration and LET;
• subcellular radiation effects: Identify and describe the types of biologic effects from ionizing radiation exposure at the subcellular level (damage in humans), and state how subcellular radiation effects are expressed in humans;
• cellular radiation effects: Identify and describe types of radiation – induced biologic effects at the cellular level and state how cellular radiation effects are expressed in humans;
• individual radiation effects: Define somatic, stochastic and genetic radiation effects and identify specific diseases or syndromes associated with these effects;
• factors influencing radiation response: Identify methods to measure radiation response; list physical, chemical and biologic factors influencing radiation response, and distinguish between lethal and sublethal response and identify factors which influence response;
• differentiation, mitotic rate and radiosensitivity: Define radiosensitivity and list factors influencing it; include how the radiosensitivity of tissues relates to mitotic rate and degree of differentiation;
• CELL SURVIVAL CURVES: Identify various survival curve parameters, and the clinical implications of factors that can influence survival curves.
• systemic response to radiation: Associate the expected responses to radiation with the appropriate dose levels for blood, skin, digestive, urinary, respiratory, reproductive and nervous systems, and for each of the systems listed, identify factors influencing degree of response;
• tolerance dose: Define the clinical significance of the concept of tolerance and identify factors that influence tolerance at various sites;
• acute whole body radiation: Describe conditions which result in a Radiation Syndrome (RS) and possible medical interventions used to modify RS, include the various stages, dose levels and factors that influence response in RS;
• late effects of radiation: Identify and define possible radiation induced somatic, genetic and stochastic effects in humans;
• tumor radiobiology: Identify characteristics of malignant growth in vivo and describe the role of oxygen in malignant tumor systems;
• basic clinical radiotherapy concepts: Define and discuss various concepts (radiosensitivity, radiocurability, radioresistance therapeutic ratio); compare the use of high LET radiations to low LET radiations and indicate the clinical significance of each;
• other clinical radiotherapy concepts: Describe the clinical significance of the processes of cell repair, repopulation, recruitment and reoxygenation; list types and provide a rationale for treatment fractionation; define and calculate NSD and discuss the implication of NSD in clinical radiobiology (indicate limitations of NSD); describe the concept of tolerance using time/dose models to produce iso-effect curves, and illustrate the interrelationship between time-dose-volume to tolerance and to clinical complications in radiotherapy;
• chemotherapeutic considerations: Identify chemotherapeutic agents that effect radiation tolerance and response; and
• hyperthermia: Describe methods used and rationale for hyperthermia treatment, and describe cellular response to heat including the sensitivity cells to heat therapy and the significance to clinical limitation of radiotherapy.

BI 201 - Internship in Biology

• apply experience gained to a work-related setting;
• identify job possibilities and needs for continued education;
• prove competency to perform up to standards set by the internship environment;
• address work-related concerns in a professional manner;
• show an ability to manage time to complete tasks;
• communicate effectively in both written and spoken form; and
• describe experiences garnered during the internship which will aid in career and employment.

BI 212 - General Microbiology

• introcductory concepts: Discuss microbiology, including history, microscopy, basic chemistry and cell division;
• microbial nutrition, growth and metabolism: Describe nutrition, growth and metabolism of prokaryotic cells;
• microbial diversity: Identify prokaryotes and their relationship to human disease. Compare algae, protozoa,slime molds and water molds;
• microbial genetics: Detail the chemistry of DNA, the molecular basis of mutation and genetic engineering;
• control of microorganisms: Define and describe sterilization, disinfection and antibiotics, including antifungals and antivirals;
• microorganisms in the environment: Describe and compare environmental microorganisms. Explain the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, sulfur cycle and their relationship to microorganisms; and
• microorganisms in industry: Discuss microorganisms and their relationship to food spoilage, production of biochemicals, wastewater treatment and bioremediation.

BI 213 - Laboratory for BI 212

• microscope: Demonstrate the proper care and usage of the microscope including oil immersion;
• laboratory study of algae: Demonstrate methods of cultivation for algae;
• protozoa: Recognize free living protozoa and parasitic protozoa from prepared slides and living materials;
• microscopic study of microbes: Identify specimens from nature (water, soil, etc.), including yeast and molds;
• cultivation of bacteria and other microorganisms: Perform pure culture isolation using streak plate and pour plate techniques and analyze broth and agar cultures;
• bacteriological staining methods: Perform a simple stain, gram stain, and spore stain;
• enzymatic reactions of microorganisms: Demonstrate the enzymatic reactions associated with carbohydrates, proteins lipids, and amino acids. Perform procedures isolating respiratory enzymes; and
• isolation and identification of bacterial cultures: Perform techniques using differential plating and selective plating.

BI 220 - Genetics

• introductory concepts: Describe the history of genetics beginning with prehistoric times and ending with the advent of molecular genetics;
• mendelian genetics: Describe Mendel’s early experiments and clarify how genetics is explained by the laws of probability;
• sex determination and sex chromosomes: Explain the importance of the X and Y chromosomes in relation to sexual determination;
• quantitative genetics: Analyze the findings that led geneticists to postulate the multiple factor hypothesis that involved the idea of additive alleles to explain inheritance pattern;
• chromosome mutation: Define nondisjunction, monosomy trisomy, polyploidy, deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations;
• chromosome mapping in eucaryotes, bacteria and bacteriphage: Describe mapping using Drosophila and explain the effects of recombination in bacteria;
• DNA: Analyze the differences and similarities between DNA and RNA;
• recombinant DNA technology: Define genomics, bioinformatics and proteomics. Discuss the applications and ethics of biotechnology;
• genetic basis of cancer: Describe tumor suppressor genes, proto-oncogenes and chromosomal translocations as a hallmark of leukemia. Detail colon cancer as a genetic model of cancer; and
• miscellaneous genetic topics: Analyze the relationship between genetics and populations, including natural selection, mutation, migration, genetic drift, and nonrandom mating. Also detail the relationship between genetics and evolution, and genetics and conservation.

BI 221 - Laboratory for BI 220

• drosophila and maize experiments in genetics: monohybrid crosses: Describe experiments using Drosophila melanogaster and maize that led to Mendel’s law of segregation;
• drosophila and maize experiments in genetics: dihybrid crosses: Understand the experimental and theoretical basis for independent assortment;
• principles of probability: Relate the laws of probability to the study of genetics especially with respect to pedigrees and consanguineous marriages;
• chi-square test: Understand the meaning and application of the chi-square test;
• meiosis in angiosperms: microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis: Understand the basic features of meiosis in maize microsporogenesis and (lily or other) megasporogenesis.  Describe alternation of generations as it applies to angiosperms;
• human chromosomes: Describe normal and aberrant structure of chromosomes with respect to size, location of centromeres and possible presence of satellites.  Prepare a karyotype of human leukocyte chromosomes;
• linkage and crossing over: Go over various techniques such as three point linage data and in situ hybridization for gene mapping and DNA sequencing.  Note how these techniques are used to reveal chromosome rearrangements;
• open-ended experiments using drosophila: locating a mutant gene in its chromosome: Analyze F1 and F2 data resulting from Drosophila experiments in which the genetic traits are given to the students as unknowns and write a scientific paper following a suggested format to summarize a Drosophila experiment;
• genetic material: isolation of DNA: Extract DNA from beef spleen or liver; describe the appearance of, and quantify (in milligrams gram of tissue) the DNA so extracted;
• amplification of DNA polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction and DNA fingerprinting: Discuss the principles upon which PCR chain is based, and outline a procedure for conducting the polymerase chain reaction.  Apply this to the analysis of a human fingerprint based on the PIS80 LOCUS;
• transformayion of escherichia coli: Describe plasmids and bacteriophages, and how they relate to the generation of recombinant DNA and transformation.  Outline a procedure for determining the relative efficiency of linear vs. circular DNA in producing transformation;
• bacterial mutagenesis: Describe the differences between spontaneous and induced mutations including the induction of mutation by ultraviolet light and the significance of DNA repair mechanisms;
• population genetics: the Hardy Weinber Principle: Calculate the gene (allele) frequencies for a population sample in which each of the genotypes AA, Aa and aa have a unique phenotype, and calculate the frequencies of the allele A and aa individuals in a population sample; and
• applied human genetics: List at least ten human single-gene traits and indicate the mechanism of inheritance.  Prepare and analyze a human pedigree to illustrate the pattern of inheritance of a single-gene trait and discuss the electrophoresis of hemoglobin variants and the significance of this procedure for understanding single-gene traits.

BI 225 - Botany

HISTORY OF BOTANY

• describe the major areas of botanical research including the development of plant uses in medicine, geography, ecology, and aesthetics. Explain how this research has affected culture.

CELL STRUCTURE, MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS, TISSUE TYPES

• compare and contrast plant and animal cells with respect to mitosis and meiosis; and
• describe life cycles and maintenance of plants.

ROOTS, STEMS, LEAVES, FLOWERS AND FRUITS

• describe the major differences between members of the monocotyledonae and the dicotyledonae, with respect to roots, stems, and leaf tissues; and
• compare and contrast differences in flower, fruit types, and pollination mechanisms.

SOILS, METABOLISM, AND GROWTH

• describe origins of major soil types; recognize the effect of soil type on development of ecosystems and cultures;
• explain the processes of photosynthesis and respiration; and
• discuss the physiological effects of hormones in plants and how they are utilized in agriculture and horticulture.

CLASSIFICATION, PROTISTA AND FUNGI

• describe the five-kingdom system of classification and how to use the foundational rules of binomial nomenclature;
• identify the structure and life cycle of representative members of the Protista and Fungi kingdoms; and
• discuss the effects of these organisms on medicine and food production.

SURVEY OF NON-FLOWERING PLANTS

• identify structures and describe life cycles of representative members of the Bryophyta, Psilophyta, Lycophyta, Sphenophyta, Pteridophyta and Coniferophyta; and
• discuss how members of the above groups have affected man historically and technologically.

SURVEY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

• explain the process of double fertilization and seed development in monocots and dicots.

BI 226 - Laboratory for BI 225

• microscope, cell structure, tissues, mitosis and meiosis: Understand how to use compound and dissecting microscopes and use them to identify plant cell structures and, identify the stages of mitosis and meiosis;
• roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits: Differentiate between monocot and dicot plant parts by structure, identify various plant tissues and, identify fruit types, development, and probable pollination mechanisms and pollinators;
• soils, metabolism and growth: Determine soil type of a soil sample and discuss effects of soil type, light conditions and plant hormones on plant growth;
• classification, protista and fungi: Identify members of Protista and Fungi through anatomical study;
• survey of non-flowering plants: Identify anatomical structures of representative members of Bryophyta, Lycophyta, Sphenophyta, Pteridophyta, and Coniferophyta; and
• survey of flowering plants: Identify stages of double fertilization and seed development in flowering plants.

BI 230 - Microbiology

Fulfills SUNY General Education – Natural Sciences.

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:

INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS

• define Microbiology, Microorganisms, Medical Microbiology Disease and Infectious Disease;
• list and characterize the different groups of microorganisms in relation to cell structure organization, size and disease association; and
• list the metric units of measurement used for microorganisms, and knowthe difference.

HISTORY OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

• recognize various early theories of disease causation;
• recognize the names and contributions of key people in the developmentof medical microbiology;
• list and describe Koch’s Postulates, identify the importance and explain their limitations; and
• identify contributions of Koch and coworkers to the field of clinical diagnostic microbiology.

CLASSIFICATION

• define taxonomy.
• identify the taxonomy groups for living things and classify groups of microbes within the hierarchy of living things. Recognize and identify contributions of early taxonomists such as Linnaeus and Whittaker;
• recognize and be able to correctly write the scientific name of living organisms;
• compare and contrast the overall cell structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes;
• recognize and relate to the cellular components of eukaryotic cells to the chemical composition, location, function, and the function of each structure;
• recognize and relate the cellular components of prokaryotic cells to the chemical composition, location, function and clinical significance of each structure; and
• identify and use the correct bacteriologic terminology to describe the basic shapes and arrangements of bacteria.

OBSERVING THROUGH A MICROSCOPE

• describe how to prepare a smear of microbes for staining purposes and examining with a microscope;
• compare simple, differential and special stains;
• list the steps in performing a Gram stain. Describe the function of each reagent and describe the appearance of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria after each step. Be able to “troubleshoot” to explain procedural errors; and
• explain why each of the following stains is used and briefly explain the rationale of each stain: acid-fast, negative, spore, and flagella.

MICROBIAL GROWTH AND METABOLISM

• list and explain the growth requirements for microorganisms;
• list and explain the conditions for growth needed by microorganisms such as temperature, osmotic pressure, and gaseous. Use the appropriate terminology to describe organisms preferring those conditions;
• compare and contrast metabolic energy-yielding pathways such as aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation in relation to the definition of each pathway, the major sets of chemical reactions involved, the end-products and the relative amount of energy produced;
• define culture media and describe various types of media such as chemically defined and complex. List the raw materials that are used to prepare complex media. Describe the uses for media such as all-purpose, enriched, selective, differential, biochemical test, and reducing media and give examples of each type of medium;
• define terms such as binary fission, exponential growth, generation time, and population growth curve;
• explain the phases of a bacterial population growth curve. Recognize each phase and explain the dynamics occurring in each phase; and
• explain how to determine the number of viable bacteria in a sample. Calculate the number of bacteria in an original specimen from a standard plate count.

CONTROL OF MICROBIAL GROWTH

• define terms relevant to hereditary material;
• describe various mechanisms whereby microorganisms acquire new genetic information; compare and contrast each mechanism; and
• give examples of the clinical relevance and applications of each mechanism.

CONTROL OF MICROBIAL GROWTH

• define terms associated with methods of controlling microbial growth;
• identify various physical methods of controlling microbes and explain how each exerts its effect on microbes; relate each method to an application;
• list the factors affecting the effectiveness of chemicals. Give examples of specific chemicals, their use and action against microbes; and
• apply the information on physical and chemical control to appropriate situations.

ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS

• name key people and their contributions to the development of antimicrobial drugs;
• define terms related to antimicrobial drugs; match specific antibiotics to the group of microbes that produce them; define the action and spectrum of antimicrobial drugs. Describe specific modes of action of antimicrobial drugs; relate each to the degree of selective toxicity and give examples of drugs thatexert that mode of action; and
• describe potential complications of using antimicrobial drugs.

PRINCIPLES OF DISEASE

• define terms related to infectious diseases;
• describe various ways whereby diseases can be spread;
• list events in the development of a disease; and
• classify infectious diseases according to duration, severity and incidence.

MECHANISMS OF PATHOGENICITY

• define terms related to pathogenicity;
• describe the portals of entry and exit of microbes; and
• list and describe the pathogenic properties of microbes and give examples of diseases that are associated with these.

HOST DEFENSE

• define terms related to host defense;
• describe various types of host defense mechanisms including external and internal non-specific mechanisms; give examples of how each protects against disease;
• recognize names of contributors and their work in the development of immunology. Compare and contrast humoral and cellular immunity in relation to organs, cells, their products, function and mechanism of action. Distinguish between different types of immunity;
• give examples of different immunodeficiencies and explain the consequence of such defects; propose treatments; and
• describe immediate and delayed hypersensitivity in relation to allergens, mediators, mechanism, treatment and prevention.

MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

• for each major group of pathogenic microbes, describe their characteristics, major disease associations, pathogenesis, host response, treatment, prevention and laboratory diagnosis; and
• differentiate between the various pathogenic microbes in relation to cell type, organization and pathogenesis.

BI 231 - Lab for BI 230

Fulfills SUNY General Education – Natural Sciences.

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:

SAFETY PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS / USE OF THE MICROSCOPE

• discuss and follow the safety regulations in the microbiology laboratory;
• demonstrate the proper care in handling the microscope;
• locate and describe the function of each part of the compound microscope;
• use the microscope to observe prepared slides;
• review the steps of the scientific method; and
• complete assigned laboratory reports.

SURVEY OF MICROBIAL CELLS

• use the microscope to examine prepared slides of various microorganisms and use the correct terminology to describe shapes and arrangements of bacteria;
• prepare a wet mount of microorganisms and observe for motility and distinguish true motility from other movements such as Brownian Movement and streaming;
• compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; and
• complete assigned laboratory reports.

ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE

• describe the procedures and principles of aseptic technique as it pertains to the microbiology laboratory;
• using aseptic technique, transfer cultures of bacteria (broth, agar slant and agar plate cultures);
• demonstrate the proper way of performing a streak plate culture for isolation of bacteria and perform a 3-way streak;
• culture microorganisms from various environmental sources; and
• complete assigned laboratory reports.

EXAMINATION OF CULTURES

• describe the characteristics to look for when looking at cultures of bacteria;
• examine cultures prepared by students and demonstration cultures;
• describe the colony characteristics using the correct terminology;
• compare colony morphology of environmental plate cultures with known cultures; and
• complete assigned laboratory reports.

SMEAR PREPARATION AND STAINING

• describe the procedures for preparing smears from broth and agar media;
• properly prepare smears of various specimens for subsequent staining;
• perform a simple stain and examine the smear;
• perform a Gram stain using the appropriate control cultures to check for accuracy in results and examine the smears;
• perform an endospore stain and examine the smear;
• perform a negative stain and examine the smear;
• perform an acid-fast stain and examine the smear; and
• complete assigned laboratory sheets.

CONTROL OF MICROBIAL GROWTH

• test the effectiveness of various antiseptic and disinfectant chemicals against gram positive and negative bacteria, and interpret the results;
• prepare Kirby Bauer plates comparing gram positive and negative bacteria;
• observe and measure antibiotic susceptibility using Kirby Bauer agar plates, and interpret the results;
• emphasize the purpose of hand washing/scrubbing through experimentation; and
• complete assigned laboratory sheets.

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

• describe the role of microorganisms in food spoilage; and
• perform a standard plate count on a food sample to determine the number of bacteria in a sample.

PARASITOLOGY

• describe the basis of classifying protozoa and give examples of representative protozoa in each group;
• observe prepared slides of representative protozoa;
• describe the basis of classifying parasitic worms and give examples of representative parasitic worms in each group;
• observe prepared slides and macroscopic specimens for representative parasitic worms and their microscopic structures as ova; and
• complete assigned laboratory sheets.

MYCOLOGY

• isolate environmental fungal organisms;
• describe the basis of classifying fungal organisms and give examples of representative organisms;
• observe the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of representative mold and yeast organisms;
• prepare simple stain of yeast species; and
• complete assigned laboratory sheets.

DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Note: The instructor may choose different laboratory exercises to emphasize procedures used in the clinical laboratory.  Examples of exercises on normal and pathogenic bacteria include utilization of biochemical tests such as Triple Sugar Iron tubes, Citrate Utilization test, Urease test, Motility test, selective and differential media such as mannitol salt agar plates, blood agar plates, MacConkey agar plates and Eosin Methylene Blue agar plates.

BACTERIA OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

• obtain a throat and nasal specimen for culture;
• examine culture results and describe the colony morphology;
• differentiate the genera Staphylococcus from Streptococcus on the basis of microscopic morphology and the catalase test; 
• students speciate these two genera using biochemical and other appropriate tests, such as mannitol salt plate, blood agar hemolysis plates, bacitracin and optochin disk susceptibility tests; and
• complete assigned laboratory sheets.

BACTERIAL OF THE GENITOURINARY TRACT

• obtain a urine specimen for culture;
• examine and interpret test results based on colony counts;
• identify selected organisms that are representative organisms (normal and pathogenic) associated with the genitourinary tract using biochemical tests and differential/selective media stated above; and
• complete assigned laboratory reports.

IDENTIFICATION OF AN UNKNOWN BACTERIUM

• determine the Gram reaction, cell-shape and arrangement and colony morphology of an unknown bacterium;
• determine the physiological characteristics of an unknown bacterium utilizing the biochemical tests and differential media described above; and
• critically analyze and identify an unknown bacterium through experimentation.

 

Concurrent Registration: BI 230
F/S (C, N, S)

BI 241 - Pathophysiology

• define cellular adaptation and injury;
• compare and contrast acidosis vs. alkalosis;
• define the common immune disorders;
• identify the properties of tumor growth and progression;
• explain how pathophysiology can impact cardiac disease;
• describe how pathophysiology can impact respiratory disease;
• summarize the causes of the signs and symptoms in selected GI and Endocrine disorders;
• identify the causes of the signs and symptoms of renal dysfunction;
• list signs and symptoms of major neurovascular disorders; and
• explain how pathophysiology can impact musculoskeletal disorders.

BI 254 - Anatomy of the Eye

• state the location and function of each of the anatomical parts of the eye;
• detail the histologic structure of each of the anatomical parts of the eye;
• state the micro-anatomical structure of the parts of the eye as well as the functions of each;
• describe the relationships of the structures of the eye to one another; and
• state the relationship of the eye to the orbit and to the appendages of the eye.

BI 255 - Physiology of the Eye

• review the location and function of each of the anatomical parts of the eye;
• understand the components of the eye exam S.O.A.P format;
• recognize and explain Physiologic Optics and refractive error as it relates to the anatomical structures of the eye as well as the physiology behind it;
• comprehend the physiology of Binocular Vision and the various problems that can occur to disrupt it;
• recognize the relationship of common clinical complaints to the physiology of the eye;
• understand the basics of Ocular Motility and the anatomical components involved, for example the Extra-ocular muscles names, location, type of movement and innervation; and
• comprehend the eye examination process and the physiology behind the various tests and findings.

BT 101 - Introduction to Biotechnological Science

• demonstrate an understanding of the process of manufacturing from bench to commercialization;
• recognize the differences between food processing and pharmaceutical manufacturing;
• demonstrate an understanding of the process of commercialization in the industry;
• obtain a thorough understanding of the quality control systems; and
• identify career and employment opportunities.

BT 105 - Quality Control Science

• perform basic laboratory skills that include calculating test sample dilution series and following protocols for preparing buffers, reagents, and media;
• perform various laboratory techniques such as titration, pipetting, measurement of weights and volumes, pH, water activity, viscosity and specific gravity measurement;
• follow appropriate safety procedures and laboratory guidelines;
• demonstrate an understanding of Safety Data Sheets (SDS), lab safety while recognizing laboratory hazards;
• maintain and utilize safety equipment and Personal Protection Equipment (PPE);
• identify direct causes of technical or instrumental problems and make appropriate corrections using pre-set strategies;
• operate equipment or instruments;
• perform, record and evaluate all quality control procedures required;
• perform the aspects and understand the Quality Management System:
• understand Statistical Quality Control through the performance of Capibility studies;
• report results in writing, orally or by computer conforming to established protocols; and
• maintain the work area in a clean, orderly condition.

BT 108 - Regulatory Compliance

• demonstrate an understanding of the bio-manufacturing industry, the impact and requirements of a variety of regulatory agencies especially the responsibilities and goals of the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA);
• compare the similarities and differences of the FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) regulations for drugs, food processing and medical devices;
• identify the regulatory inspection, complaint, recall processes with emphasis on the typical current regulatory issues facing industry and regulatory bodies;
• describe the USFDA’s documentation requirements through the industry’s Good Documentation Practices (GDP); and
• demonstrate understanding of the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) and the regulatory guidances which resulted from this act.

BT 117 - Seminar for Biotechnological Science

• identify the skills necessary to practice in the biotechnology or biomanufacturing industry;
• describe the various kinds of job opportunities available to biotechnological science graduates, career success and advancement;
• demonstrate an understanding of continuing education opportunities; and
• describe how a manufacturing facility operates 

BT 128 - Food Safety and Sanitation

• explain the history and specifics of foodborne illnesses;

• identify systems that provide protection from illness;

• explain critical food sanitation, cleaning, and sanitizing procedures;

• detail the fundamentals of the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI), the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP);

• demonstrate proficiency of quality control systems which verify quality of food, food safety, and shelf life; and analytical methods of determination; and

• demonstrate an understanding of clean-in-place (CIP) and sanitize-in-place (SIP) cleaning and sanitizing and practical applications.

BT 210 - Immunoassay Analysis

• explain basic immunoassay concepts and techniques;
• describe the structure and preparation of antibodies;
• define categories of immunoassay methodologies;
• exhibit comprehension of protein, and nucleic acids, levels of structure, functions, and methods of analysis to characterize and determine concentration;
• demonstrate proficiency of concepts and principles of protein separation in electrophoresis procedures, quality control methods and troubleshooting separation pattern issues;
• demonstrate comprehension of spectrophotometric analysis procedures and quality control;
• perform calculations for concentration, absorbance, and percent transmittance;
• demonstrate proficiency in quality control principles of calibration, criteria for acceptance of a run and creation of a calibration or concentration curve as well as Westgard rules of quality control system; and
• demonstrate comprehension of chromatographic procedures, principles and analytic methods.

BT 211 - Immunoassay Analysis Laboratory

• perform immunoassay procedures;
• develop a hypothesis, record observations and compile laboratory data;
• demonstrate proficiency in performing quality control and troubleshooting procedures; and
• evaluate results to determine when results are valid and accurate; if deviations occur, able to perform appropriate corrective action procedures.

BT 220 - Industrial Microbiology

Fulfills the following SUNY General Education category:

• Natural Sciences

Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:

• demonstrate understanding of microbial cell physiology, and exhibit competency in performance of aseptic procedures;
• describe methods of microbial analysis used in the biotechnological, pharmaceutical and food industries;
• apply aspects of microbiology applicable to manufacturing and quality control in the biotechnological, pharmaceutical and food industries;
• demonstrate understanding and relate the principles of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point program to aseptic food processing and prevention of foodborne illness;
• describe how microbial fermentations produce food products such as yogurt, sauerkraut, wine and beer, as well as pharmaceutical products such as antibiotics and vaccines; and
• demonstrate proficiency in performance and interpretation of environmental assessment techniques applicable to industry.

BT 221 - Industrial Microbiology Laboratory

Fulfills the following SUNY General Education category:

• Natural Sciences

• apply the aspects of microbiology applicable to manufacturing and quality control in the biotechnology and food industries;
• demonstrate and apply aseptic technique in bioburden and sterility testing for pharmaceuticals, food processing and medical devices;
• demonstrate competency in the performance of pure culture isolation by streak plate methods; 
• demonstrate aseptic technique in the inoculation and analysis of broth and agar cultures;
• demonstrate competence in performing a wet mount and a gram stain procedure;
• demonstrate and apply environmental monitoring technique and trending analysis;
• accurately document laboratory results via laboratory reports using Excel format;
• demonstrate accurate and appropriate analysis of laboratory data as part of the scientific method; and
• apply microbiological processes to quality control, aseptic and sterile processing in the biotechnology and food industries.

BT 222 - Laboratory Calculations

• calculate both concentrations and content of solutions in the concentration units used in the biotechnology, biomanufacturing and health professions;
• perform dilution calculations when given appropriate information;
• calculate the volumes of various stock solutions required to make working solutions for analysis and to make solutions of acids and bases;
• calculate the standard deviation, mean, median, mode and coefficient of variation;
• apply the terms accuracy, precision, reliability, confidence intervals and relate these terms to laboratory measurement and determination of reference ranges;
• apply setting up, graphing and interpretation of quality control charts and calculation of reference ranges;
• perform simple pH calculations;
• apply Beer’s Law to perform calculations of absorbance and transmittance for solution concentration in spectroscopy; and
• determine concentration by calculation of standard concentration and calibration curves for spectroscopy and colorimetric analysis.

BT 230 - Food Processing Technology

The course will discuss fermentation and enzyme practices and procedures used to process fruits, vegetables, meat, poultry and dairy products. Exposure to these principles will enable a better understanding of food processing in the biotechnology field.

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:

• identify the key concepts of biotechnology processes used in food processing;
• apply thermal kinetic principles to food processing in aseptic processing and sterilization methods;
• apply the separation technology methods, filtration, crystallization, distillation, solvent extraction, evaporation and membrane technology to food processing;
• demonstrate understanding of the chemical reactions affecting food quality, and the role of dehydration method to food processing;
• demonstrate understanding of the chilling and freezing process, including heat transfer, conduction and convection in processing various food types;
• demonstrate understanding of the role of enzymes, pH and temperature in fermentation and other food processes; and
• demonstrate comprehension of quality control system procedures.

BT 231 - Laboratory for Food Processing Technology

• identify the key concepts of biotechnology processes used in food processing;
• apply thermal kinetic principles to food processing in aseptic processing and sterilization methods;
• demonstrate understanding of the chemical reactions affecting food quality, and the role of dehydration method to food processing;
• demonstrate understanding of the chilling and freezing process, including heat transfer, conduction and convection in processing various food types;
• demonstrate understanding of the role of enzymes, pH and temperature in fermentation and other food processes; and
• demonstrate comprehension of quality control system procedures.

BT 235 - Validation Science

• demonstrate an understanding of the impact and requirements of regulatory agencies especially the responsibilities and goals of the US FDA;
• exhibit an understanding of the FDA’s GMP regulations for drugs and medical devices and how industry utilizes the quality system concepts to convert FDA requirements to standard operating procedures, policies and guidelines;
• identify the regulatory inspection, complaint, and recall processes with emphasis on the typical current regulatory issues facing industry and regulatory bodies;
• demonstrate an understanding of the FDA’s documentation requirements, Industry’s Good Documentation Practices (GDPs); and
• exhibit proficiency in developing a standard operating procedure on a product/process, generating a documentation change control which would meet US FDA and industry requirements.

BT 240 - Production of BioPharmaceutical Products

Also discussed in the course are methods for characterizing protein-protein interactions, essential methods for quantifying protein concentration, stabilizing and storing proteins, concentrating proteins, and immunoblotting. The course culminates with cell culture basics, purpose, cell lines, and culture maintenance.

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:

• accurately characterize the structure and functions of proteins;
• specify the aseptic processing requirements for cell culture in biotechnology;
• demonstrate understanding in the performance and methodology of selected standard protein assays utilized in biotechnology;
• characterize the strategies used in protein purification; and
• analyze case studies of typical products developed in the biotechnology industry.

BT 241 - Laboratory for Production of BioPharmaceutical Products

• perform laboratory analyses to identify and characterize proteins in biotechnology;
• demonstrate proficiency in aseptic processing for cell culture in biotechnology;
• demonstrate proficiency in performing analyses used in protein purification; and
• establish proficiency in the ability to analyze data obtained from laboratory analysis for validity and troubleshoot and perform corrective measures where applicable to a technician level.

BM 101 - Tools, Equipment and Materials

• describe proper procedures for working with pressurized systems and vessels, electrical energy, heat, cold, rotating machinery and chemicals; for moving heavy objects; and for utilizing proper ventilation;
• apply work safety standards and recognize safety hazards;
• demonstrate the use of hand tools used by the HVAC/R technician to install and service an HVAC/R system;
• demonstrate the equipment used to install and service HVAC/R systems;
• recognize fasteners used to install and service HVAC/R piping and equipment;
• select tubing and piping used to install and service HVAC/R piping and equipment;
• demonstrate the bending, swaging, gluing, soldering, brazing, and threading methods of joining pipe;
• analyze systems efficiency by using leak test, evacuate and charge a refrigeration system; and
• demonstrate the ability to calibrate instruments used to install and service HVAC/R systems.

BM 102 - Building Trades Blueprint Reading

• understand, interpret, and visualize basic construction drawings; and
• understand fundamental methods of residential and commercial building construction through print reading and sketching.

BM 105 - Refrigeration Principles

• demonstrate an understanding of basic refrigeration theory and how a refrigeration system operates;
• describe and identify the components of a refrigeration system and explain their function and operation within the system;
• recognize the effect improper operation of any component has on overall system operation;
• demonstrate the knowledge of the common refrigerants and understand their use and the need for proper handling;
• apply understanding of the refrigerant pressure-temperature chart, and be able to use it in analyzing system performance; and
• illustrate the ability to identify the common controls used in refrigeration systems and explain their function and operation within the system.

BM 120 - Electricity for HVAC/R

• demonstrate an understanding of basic electrical theory and circuitry;
• demonstrate an understanding of the use of different voltages within an HVAC system;
• demonstrate an understanding of the operation of an electric motor;
• apply the ability to read and interpret the electrical schematic of an HVAC unit;
• apply the diagnostic skills required to properly operate and/or repair an HVAC system; and
• demonstrate an understanding of basic electrical safety and safe working practices. 

BM 130 - Building Systems I

• apply the basic principles of wooden and light steel building systems, material handling, selection and tool usage commonly found in the building and facilities industries;
• illustrate the ability to use hand and power tools safely and effectively in order to maximize efficiency in the work environment;
• demonstrate an understanding of basic construction math in order to estimate linear, square and volume measure, along with estimating labor and materials;
• demonstrate the ability to measure accurately and transfer dimensions in the production, care and maintenance of various building systems;
• demonstrate the skill sets required to be a competent maintenance technician;
• apply the use of building plans, specifications and codes; and
• demonstrate the ability to manage and lead others safely and effectively in the building and facilities industries.

BM 140 - Electrical Systems I

• demonstrate the basic principles of a broad overview of types and applications of electrical methods of tools, materials, devices, wiring controls and equipment utilized in current field applications;
• illustrate the ability to read, produce and interpret electrical blueprints and drawings, along with codes applicable to design (computer software);
• analyze the student’s analytical and diagnostic skills in the troubleshooting and repair of the operation of electrical systems;
• recognize awareness in the current electrical energy conservation opportunities and techniques utilized in industry today through solar, geothermal, wind and photovoltaic;
• apply the skill sets required to be a competent maintenance technician; and
• demonstrate oral and written communication skills through writing, sketching and presenting research reports on electrical planning and scheduling a project.

BM 142 - Refrigerant Handling Certification

• demonstrate an understanding of basic refrigerants and classifications;
• recognize and identify refrigerants and classifications;
• describe the proper procedures of refrigerant handling;
• demonstrate an understanding and explain the effect improper procedures of refrigerant handling;
• recognize the phaseout dates; and
• demonstrate an understanding of Montreal and Kyoto Protocols and how they apply to the EPA Clean Air Act.

BM 180 - Applied Mathematics and Estimating

• apply the fundamentals of good estimating practices;
• demonstrate knowledge of basic construction math in order to estimate linear, square and volume measure, along with estimating labor and materials;
• demonstrate the ability to measure accurately and transfer dimensions in the production, care and maintenance of various building systems;
• analyze the skill sets required to be a competent maintenance technician; and
• illustrate and understand the use of building plans, specifications and codes.

BM 181 - Budget Control and Estimating

• apply the fundamentals of good estimating practices;
• recognize formats used and methods in estimating labor, material and equipment; and
• develop an understanding of the process of calculating the quantities and costs of various items used in the maintenance and construction of residential multi-family and commercial structures.           

BM 200 - Techniques of Renovation and Restoration

• demonstrate knowledge of the sequence of steps involved in the renovation, restoration and reconstruction of new and old residential and commercial structures;
• analyze and evaluate the need for renovation, restoration and the energy and green technologies available in the opportunities available and required by codes;
• analyze and evaluate structural deterioration of structures;
• solve efficiency issues for workplace layout through methods of analysis to maximize productivity with computer application;
• apply international, federal, state and municipality codes and standards;
• demonstrate knowledge and use of contracts and specification formats;
• evaluate and perform material, labor, equipment and profit cost estimate of projects at hand;
• develop and present written presentations of design concepts and budget restraints; and
• demonstrate and utilize the technical knowledge learned from present courses and apply it.  

BM 210 - Commercial Air Conditioning Systems

• apply the understanding of basic parts and principals relating to specific commercial equipment;
• classify and identify the components to specific commercial equipment and find replacement parts;
• demonstrate the effect improper operation of any component has on overall system operation;
• recognize the operations and troubleshooting procedures for commercial equipment;
• demonstrate an awareness of the process for field estimating repairs and replacements of commercial equipment; and
• analyze and identify the specific controls used in commercial systems and explain their function and operation within the system. 

BM 215 - Workplace Practicum

• apply the knowledge of the safety hazards associated with the HVAC/R service industry;
• demonstrate awareness of the laws and guidelines that must be followed to ensure a safe work environment;
• develop an understanding of the need for proper refrigerant handling practices and EPA certification;
• recognize the demands of customers and the importance of strong customer relations skills; and
• demonstrate and develop the ability for good communications with management, co-workers and customers.

BM 225 - Energy Management

• analyze and perform an energy audit and make recommendations for cost effective retrofits;
• demonstrate and awareness of day to day operational considerations;
• demonstrate communication skills through an extensive multi-format presentation, written reports and oral reports;
• analyze and perform diagnostic testing of a structure; and
• apply knowledge of building systems and structural components.

BM 231 - Building Systems II

• demonstrate a working knowledge and interpretation of commercial and industrial blueprints;
• illustrate a basic knowledge of commercial specifications and their application;
• analyze and understand drawings and estimating methods and their interrelationships;
• solve problems working from a scale and drawing with the specifications;
• draw and interpret the specifications of a given project; and
• demonstrate the fundamentals of masonry construction and its maintenance repair.                                                                                                                  

 

S (C)

BM 237 - Building and Grounds Operations

• apply an understanding of the basic principles of maintaining a facility utilizing contractors equipment and operational forms;
• demonstrate the ability to produce and maintain structured maintenance forms;
• analyze and formulate realistic budgetary numbers for equipment, material and manpower planning; and
• create and complete multiple maintenance projects by coordinating sub-contractors, maintenance personnel and managing associated budgets.  

BM 240 - Plumbing Systems

• illustrate and understand the basic principles of sanitary and potable plumbing supply systems and their aspects of operation;
• recognize the principles of air, oil and gas piping installation within a facility;
• apply consideration to material and equipment selection with computer software and the internet;
• demonstrate the ability to troubleshoot water supply, sanitary drainage systems and fixtures;
• apply knowledge of energy conservation opportunities through water-saving fixtures, tank-less fixtures, water energy saving methods of recycling, and solar and geo-thermal energy opportunities;
• demonstrate and understand basic maintenance management principals in a mechanical environment;
• apply an understanding of the skill sets required to be a competent maintenance technician; and
• demonstrate oral and written communication skills through writing, sketching and presenting research reports on a plumbing planning and scheduling of a project.

 

S (C)

BM 241 - Electrical Systems II

• understand a broad overview of types and applications of electrical controls and equipment utilized in current field applications;
• demonstrate the ability to read, produce and interpret electrical schematics and related prints; 
• solve analytical problems using diagnostic skills in the repair and maintenance of electrical systems;
• demonstrate an awareness of the current electrical energy conservation opportunities and new techniques utilized by industry; and
• illustrate development of oral and written communication skills for customer relations.

BM 243 - Heating Systems I

• demonstrate an understanding of the principles of boiler operations;
• apply ASME Code symbols and stamps and its meaning;
• recognize feedwater systems, fuel systems, and steam systems;
• demonstrate the ability to maintain and troubleshoot HVAC systems; and
• demonstrate oral and written skills through writing work orders and inventory reports.

BM 244 - Air Conditioning and Ventilation

• demonstrate an understanding of the basic principles of HVAC systems;
• apply practical application of refrigeration and air conditioning system technology;
• recognize the important concepts of the Clean Air Act and EPA regulatory changes;
• explain and comply with the section 608 EPA refrigerant recycling rule; and                                       
• demonstrate knowledge of EPA 608 certification upon successfully completing the national EPA test. 

BM 246 - Heating Systems II

• recognize and explain heat transfer methods;
• illustrate and understand commercial forced hot air systems;
• apply all operation maintenance concepts to troubleshoot HVAC systems;
• understanding of all steam boiler systems;
• demonstrate an understanding of heat pump theory and operation;
• analyze and troubleshoot heat pumps; and
• apply proper service & recordkeeping procedures for HVAC systems.

 

S (C)

BM 250 - Renewable Energy Systems

• demonstrate an understanding of renewable systems operations;
• describe and identify major components and subsystems;
• recognize and access environmental issues associated with both traditional fuels and renewables; and
• apply thermodynamic principle associated with heat transfer.

BM 252 - Mechanics of Energy II

• demonstrate mastery of basic work and safety techniques;
• apply a variety of methods to perform, classify, code, and order facility and infrastructure inspections; and
• demonstrate the ability to perform emergency response procedures to any and all natural gas-related emergencies.

BM 255 - Green Building Technology

• demonstrate an understanding of the basic principles of green, clean and sustainable technology as they relate to the built environment;
• apply a working knowledge of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System;
• demonstrate and operate hand and power tools safely and effectively in order to maximize efficiency in the work environment;
• apply basic construction math in order to estimate linear, square and volume footage, along with estimating labor and materials;
• illustrate an understanding of the basic principles of wooden, light steel, concrete, timber frame, straw bale, adobe and other alternative building systems; and
• recognize and select material, resource and systems selection to minimize the environmental impact in the building and facilities industries.

BM 260 - Electrical Systems for Renewable Systems

• demonstrate the basic principles of a broad overview of types and applications of electrical methods of tools, materials, devices, wiring controls and equipment utilized in current field applications;
• apply the ability to read, produce and interpret electrical blueprints and drawings, along with codes applicable to design;
• recognize and identify the basic attributes of each form of alternative electrical energy;
• apply the spectrum of analyzing and troubleshooting the mechanics of the systems operation;
• set up and solve basic engineering problems associated with conventional and alternative energy use;
• describe the theory of operation of the types of alternative electrical energy system available to the industry today; and
• apply and promote awareness in the students of current energy conservation and the mechanics to troubleshoot technically and resolve the problems at hand.

BM 266 - Green HVAC & Plumbing

• apply the basic principles of various HVAC, plumbing, mechanical, electrical and electronic systems commonly found in the building and facilities industry;
• demonstrate the ability to operate hand and power tools safely and effectively in order to maximize efficiency in the work environment;
• analyze and perform preventative and predictive maintenance in order to maximize efficiency and safety in the work environment;
• recognize and utilize basic maintenance management principles in a mechanical environment; and
• analyze and perform the skill sets required to be a competent maintenance technician.

BM 270 - Project Management

• demonstrate a basic understanding of modern organizing and planning techniques, methods and procedures;
• illustrate an awareness of how the maintenance manager can use these techniques to maximize productivity of the staff and assets assigned to him/her; and
• apply and use written communication tools in organizing and planning methods to solve everyday problems of construction/facilities management.              

BM 272 - Property Management

• recognize a broad overview of the types and varieties of both rental and managed properties in the field today;
• demonstrate the ability to perform the duties and the responsibilities of an entry level property manager;
• create and promote awareness of energy and conservation opportunities; and
• demonstrate effective written and oral skills required to be a quality property manager.

BM 275 - Maintenance Management/Supervision

• illustrate a basic understanding of modern supervisory techniques, methods and procedures;
• demonstrate an awareness of how the supervisor functions in the modern business workplace; and
• demonstrate the written and oral skills required to be an effective first line supervisor.

 

S (C)

BM 281 - Facilities Maintenance & Environmental Topics

• recognize the basic principles of various mechanical, electrical and electronic systems commonly found in building facilities and industry;
• demonstrate the ability to perform preventative and predictive maintenance in order to maximize efficiency and safety in the work environment;
• describe basic maintenance management principals in a mechanical environment;
• apply the skill sets required to be a competent maintenance technician; and
• demonstrate oral and written communication skills through writing and presenting a research report on an industrial process or inventor.

BM 290 - Maintenance Programs

• present and develop a maintenance program portfolio;
• explain and document building systems and equipment histories;
• recognize the components of building systems interactions;
• discuss and present a multi-format presentation related to building systems in relation to the facility;
• demonstrate the skill sets required to be a competent maintenance technician;
• apply the understanding and use of building plans, specifications and building codes for renovations; and
• develop the ability to manage and lead others safely and effectively in the building and facilities industries.

BM 295 - Green Building Lab

• demonstrate an understanding of the basic principles of green, clean and sustainable technology as they relate to the built environment;
• describe and select material, resource and systems selection to minimize the environmental impact in the building and facilities industries;
• recognize and access environmental issues associated with both traditional fuels and renewables;
• demonstrate an understanding of renewable system operation; and
• apply a working knowledge of the leadership in energy A - D Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System.

BR 100 - Building Trades Practicum I

• understand safety standards;
• understand general building codes;
• understand material selection;
• understand renovation techniques;
• install and finish gypsum board;
• install gas, potable water, and/or DWV systems;
• understand wiring principles;
• understand insulation techniques;
• recycle building materials;
• install windows and/or doors; and
• install siding.

NOTE: The above skills may be dependent on site activities during the semester.

F (C)

BR 102 - Building Trades Practicum II

• understand safety standards;
• understand general building codes;
• understand material selection;
• understand renovation techniques;
• install and finish gypsum board;
• install gas, potable water, and/or DWV systems;
• understand wiring principles;
• understand insulation techniques;
• recycle building materials;
• install windows and/or doors; and
• install siding.

NOTE: The above skills may be dependent on site activities during the semester.

Prerequisites: BR 100
S (C)

BU 120 - Introduction to Accounting

BU 121 - Accounting Principles I

BU 122 - Accounting Principles II

BU 130 - Quantitative Business Methods

BU 131 - Computer Applications in Business

• learn the fundamentals of operating a computer;
• learn the difference between hardware and software;
• demonstrate how to use the most popular software and how to apply these to business situations;
• become computer literate by the end of the semester;
• be prepared to take more advanced business courses;
• convert business situations/problems to computer models; and
• be prepared to integrate the computer into other college courses.

BU 140 - Introduction to Business

BU 142 - Business Communication

• understand and describe the communication process and its impact on the office environment;
• apply the rules of grammar, punctuation, style, and proofreading to write effective business correspondence (i.e. letters, memos, reports, and messages);
• correspond effectively using a variety of business and technical mediums;
• prepare effective employment communications such as resumés, letters of application, and letters of reference. Develop effective interviewing skills;
• understand the importance of reading, listening, and speaking effectively in professional situations;
• demonstrate an ability to deliver an effective oral presentation to a group using appropriate techniques to obtain and maintain the listeners’ attention and convey messages clearly;
• critically examine situations to determine the most effective response; and
• accurately convey messages and determine appropriate follow-up of communications delivered through various mediums.

BU 151 - Marketing I

BU 221 - Computerized Accounting

BU 225 - Introduction to Income Tax

BU 226 - Managerial Accounting

BU 231 - Business Systems

• learn the fundamentals of operating a computer;
• learn the difference between hardware and software;
• learn how to use the most popular software and how to apply these to business situations;
• become computer literate by the end of the semester;
• be prepared to take more advanced business courses;
• convert business situations/problems to computer models; and
• be prepared to integrate the computer into other college courses.

BU 232 - Business Finance

BU 233 - Consumer Finance

BU 234 - Investments

BU 240 - Principles of Management

BU 241 - Organizational Behavior

• explain the classical and contemporary theories of individual behavior;
• demonstrate an understanding of the various theories of motivation;
• discuss theories of communication;
• explain how conflict may be resolved through negotiation;
• discuss philosophies of managing human resources;
• illustrate ways of managing essential change in organizations; and
• demonstrate how to deal with stress management.

BU 242 - Human Resource Management

BU 243 - Entrepreneurship

BU 244 - Introduction to Sports Management

BU 245 - Administrative Practices in Sports Management

BU 247 - Business Plan Completion

BU 248 - Practicum in Supervision

BU 251 - Marketing II

BU 252 - Marketing Management

BU 253 - Retailing

BU 254 - Advertising

BU 255 - Salesmanship