BI 110 - Biology I

• introduction and scientific method: Describe how logic is applied to observation so that the results can be used to create valid scientific models of reality and examine the limitations of science;
• basic chemistry: Explain basic concepts from chemistry including atomic structure, chemical bonding, functional chemical groups in sugars, amino acids and fatty acids (be able to draw the structure and explain the properties of these molecules), and define pH;
• cell structure and function: Describe the similarities and differences between plant and animal cells, and the structure and function of cell organelles;
• plant cells and tissues: Describe the structure and function of typical plant cells and tissues; include the organization of roots, stems and leaves;
• animal cells and tissue: Describe the structure and function of typical animal cells and describe the four major tissue types;
• cell membrane and cell wall functions: Differentiate between cell membrane and cell wall, and explain how diffusion, osmosis and active transport are used to transport materials across the cell membrane;
• biological molecules: Explain the structure and functions of the complex biological macromolecules; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Explain how globular proteins function as enzymes;
• cell division: Explain the events taking place in the cell during the processes of mitosis and meiosis; compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis;
• energy mechanisms: Describe how various parts of the cell and mitochondrion are involved in cell respiration. Detail basic mechanisms of glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle and the electron transport chain. Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration and photosynthesis; and
• genetics: Demonstrate the ability to describe Mendel’s Laws and solve Mendelian genetic problems, understand the relationship of DNA, chromosomes and genes. Explain DNA structure,replication and the function of DNA in protein synthesis. Analyze the molecular basis of mutation and briefly discuss biotechnology.